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Expression of Ideas / Transitions Difficulty: Hard

In the late twentieth century, scholars directed much discussion toward issues of spatiality. Adherents to quantitative analytical approaches delineated space with the use of GIS spatial technologies; blank cultural geographer Doreen Massey defined space as the product of “an ever-shifting social geometry of power and signification,” focusing instead on socio-political forces.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

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Explanation

Choice B is the best answer. "By contrast" logically signals that the information about how Massey defined space—by focusing on socio-political forces—contrasts with the information in the previous clause, which discusses quantitative analytical approaches and spatial technologies.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence exemplifies the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach. Choice C is incorrect because "as such" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is a direct result or logical consequence of the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach. Choice D is incorrect because "likewise" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is similar to the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach.